The most straightforward way to check if your power assisted steering is working involves a simple test as you start your vehicle.
The Basic Test
To quickly determine if your power assisted steering is functional:
- Preparation: Sit in the driver's seat with the engine off.
- Apply Pressure: Gently apply a little pressure to the steering wheel, as if you're trying to turn it slightly to one side (e.g., about a quarter turn).
- Start Engine: While maintaining that slight pressure, turn the ignition key to start the engine.
- Observe: As the engine starts, you should immediately feel a marked difference in the steering wheel. The power assist will engage, making the wheel feel significantly lighter, and the pressure you were applying should cause the wheel to turn more easily and smoothly in your hands.
If you do not feel this noticeable lightening and ease of turning, it indicates that the power assisted steering system may not be working correctly.
What to Look and Listen For
Beyond the basic starting test, several other indicators can help you assess the health of your power steering system:
- Heavy Steering: If the steering wheel feels unusually stiff or heavy to turn, especially at low speeds or when parking, it's a primary sign of a problem.
- Difficulty Turning: You might find yourself exerting more effort than usual to maneuver the vehicle.
- Unusual Noises:
- A whining or groaning noise when turning the steering wheel could indicate low power steering fluid, a failing pump, or air in the system.
- A squealing sound might point to a loose or worn serpentine belt, which drives the power steering pump.
- Fluid Leaks: Check for puddles or damp spots under the front of your car, particularly reddish-brown (for ATF) or clear/amber (for dedicated power steering fluid) fluid. Leaks can lead to low fluid levels and system malfunction.
- Erratic Steering: If the steering feels inconsistent, sometimes easy and sometimes hard, or if there's a delay in the power assist kicking in, it suggests an issue.
Common Power Steering Issues and Symptoms
Understanding potential problems can help you identify what might be going wrong:
| Issue | Common Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Low Power Steering Fluid | Heavy steering, whining/groaning noises when turning, fluid leaks. |
| Failing Power Steering Pump | Loud whining or groaning, very heavy steering, especially at low speeds. |
| Leaking Hoses/Lines | Visible fluid leaks, low fluid levels, spongy or inconsistent steering. |
| Worn Serpentine Belt | Squealing noises (especially on startup or when turning), heavy steering. |
| Air in the System | Foamy fluid in the reservoir, noisy operation, inconsistent power assist. |
| Clogged Power Steering Filter | Restricted fluid flow, leading to increased effort needed for steering. |
| Faulty Steering Rack/Gearbox | Grinding noises, play in the steering wheel, fluid leaks, inconsistent assist. |
What to Do If You Suspect a Problem
If your power assisted steering isn't working as it should, it's important to address the issue promptly. While you can still steer the vehicle without power assist, it requires significantly more physical effort and can be dangerous, especially in emergency maneuvers.
- Check Fluid Level: The first step is often to check the power steering fluid reservoir. Ensure the fluid is at the correct level and isn't dark or murky. Consult your car's owner's manual for the correct fluid type and checking procedure.
- Inspect for Leaks: Look around the pump, hoses, and steering rack for any signs of fluid leaks.
- Listen for Noises: Pay attention to any unusual sounds emanating from the engine bay, especially when turning the wheel.
- Professional Inspection: If you're unsure or can't diagnose the problem, it's best to have a qualified mechanic inspect the system. They can accurately identify the fault and recommend the necessary repairs.
A fully functional power assisted steering system ensures safe and comfortable driving. Regular checks and maintenance, as per your vehicle's manufacturer guidelines, can help prevent serious issues. For more detailed information on power steering systems, you can refer to reputable automotive maintenance guides or your vehicle's service manual.
