The valency of calcium chloride is 2.
Valency represents the combining capacity of an atom, indicating the number of single bonds an atom can form or the number of electrons an element gives up or accepts when reacting to form a compound. In the case of calcium chloride (CaCl₂), this valency is determined by the calcium ion (Ca²⁺).
Understanding Valency in Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride is an ionic compound formed between calcium (a metal) and chlorine (a non-metal).
- Calcium (Ca): As an alkaline earth metal, calcium typically loses two electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, forming a Ca²⁺ ion. This means its combining capacity is 2.
- Chlorine (Cl): A halogen, chlorine typically gains one electron to form a Cl⁻ ion. Its combining capacity is 1.
For calcium chloride to be electrically neutral, one Ca²⁺ ion combines with two Cl⁻ ions, resulting in the chemical formula CaCl₂. The overall combining capacity of the compound, dictated by the calcium ion, is 2.
Calcium Chloride Forms
Calcium chloride can exist in various forms, including its anhydrous state (CaCl₂) and several hydrates, such as the dihydrate (CaCl₂·2H₂O). Regardless of the presence of water molecules, the fundamental combining capacity, or valency, of the calcium within the compound remains 2. This intrinsic property allows calcium to form strong ionic bonds by giving up two electrons.
Key Aspects of Calcium Chloride's Valency
- Ionic Bonding: The valency of 2 for calcium signifies its ability to participate in ionic bonding by donating two electrons.
- Compound Formation: This valency dictates that one calcium atom will bond with two chlorine atoms to form a stable calcium chloride molecule.
- Versatile Applications: The strong ionic bonds and specific valency of calcium chloride contribute to its wide range of applications, from de-icing roads to use as a desiccant.
| Element | Valency | Ion Formed | Electron Transfer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium (Ca) | 2 | Ca²⁺ | Gives up 2 electrons |
| Chlorine (Cl) | 1 | Cl⁻ | Accepts 1 electron |
For more detailed information on valency and chemical bonding, you can refer to resources like Britannica on Valence.
