Emergency contraceptive drugs are a crucial option for preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex or in cases of contraceptive failure. These medications work by delaying or inhibiting ovulation, and can significantly reduce the chance of pregnancy when taken within a specific timeframe after intercourse.
Types of Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs)
The primary types of emergency contraceptive pills available work using different active ingredients. These drugs are distinct from regular birth control pills, as they are used for emergency situations.
Here are the generic names and common brand name examples of emergency contraceptive pills:
| Generic Name | Brand Name Examples |
|---|---|
| Levonorgestrel | EContra EZ, Fallback Solo, My Way, Next Choice, Opcicon One-Step, Plan B One Step |
| Ulipristal | ella |
How Emergency Contraception Works
Emergency contraceptive pills primarily prevent pregnancy by:
- Delaying or inhibiting ovulation: This is their main mechanism. By preventing the release of an egg from the ovary, there is no egg available for fertilization.
- Preventing fertilization: They may also interfere with the fertilization process.
It's important to note that ECPs are not abortifacients; they do not terminate an existing pregnancy. They are effective only before pregnancy has been established.
Key Considerations for ECPs
- Timeliness is crucial: ECPs are most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse. Levonorgestrel-based pills are generally effective up to 72 hours (3 days), while ulipristal (ella) can be effective up to 120 hours (5 days).
- Availability: Some ECPs, like levonorgestrel-based options, are available over-the-counter without a prescription, while ulipristal typically requires a prescription.
- Not for regular birth control: Emergency contraception is not intended for routine use as a primary method of birth control. For ongoing prevention, other contraceptive methods are recommended.
- Consult a healthcare provider: For personalized advice and to discuss ongoing contraceptive options, it's always best to consult with a healthcare professional.
For more detailed information on emergency contraceptive pills, you can refer to resources like Drugs.com's list of Emergency Contraceptive Pills.
