E120 is the official E number for Cochineal, Carminic acid, and Carmines, a natural red food additive derived from insects.
E120 is a designated E number for a natural red colorant extensively used in the food, beverage, and cosmetic industries. This additive is primarily known by its common names: Cochineal, Carminic acid, and Carmines. It is valued for providing a stable and vibrant red hue to a wide array of products.
Understanding E120: Cochineal and its Derivatives
At its core, E120 originates from the cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus), which produces carminic acid as a defense mechanism. The additive is extracted and processed into various forms:
- Cochineal: Refers to the dried and crushed bodies of the female cochineal insects, which are the source material.
- Carminic Acid: This is the pure, natural pigment extracted from the cochineal insects, responsible for the intense red color.
- Carmines: These are more refined and stable preparations, typically aluminum or calcium salts of carminic acid, which enhance their applicability and longevity in products.
The use of E numbers, like E120, provides a standardized system for identifying food additives that have undergone thorough safety assessments and are approved for consumption by regulatory bodies worldwide, including the Food Standards Agency.
E120 and Other Red Colorants
The table below illustrates E120 alongside some other E numbers for red colorants, highlighting their common names:
| E Number | Common Name(s) | Type (General) | Source/Nature |
|---|---|---|---|
| E120 | Cochineal; Carminic acid; Carmines | Natural Colorant | From Cochineal insects |
| E122 | Azorubine; Carmoisine | Synthetic Dye | Azo dye |
| E123 | Amaranth | Synthetic Dye | Azo dye |
| E124 | Ponceau 4R; Cochineal Red A | Synthetic Dye | Azo dye |
It's important to note the distinction: while E120 is a natural, insect-derived pigment, E122, E123, and E124 are typically synthetic azo dyes.
Common Applications and Consumer Considerations
E120 is a highly effective color additive found in numerous consumer goods. Its excellent stability against light, heat, and pH variations makes it a popular choice.
Where you might find E120:
- Food products: Yogurts, ice creams, candies, jams, sauces, and certain baked goods.
- Beverages: Fruit drinks and some alcoholic beverages.
- Cosmetics: Lipsticks, blushes, and eyeshadows due to its vibrant pigment.
- Pharmaceuticals: As a coloring agent for pills and syrups.
For consumers, knowing about E120 is particularly relevant due to its origin:
- Dietary Restrictions: Individuals following vegetarian, vegan, or Kosher diets often avoid products containing E120 because of its insect source.
- Allergies: Though rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to cochineal.
- Labeling: Products containing E120 must list it either by its E number (E120) or by its common names (Cochineal, Carminic acid, or Carmines) in the ingredients list. This transparency helps consumers make informed choices.
Regulatory Oversight
Organizations like the Food Standards Agency (FSA) play a crucial role in regulating food additives. They ensure that all approved E numbers, including E120, meet stringent safety standards before they can be used in food products. This regulatory framework helps protect public health by setting usage limits and requiring clear labeling.
