E100 is the E number assigned to Curcumin, a natural yellow-orange food coloring derived from the spice turmeric. It is one of the most widely recognized and utilized natural colorants in the food industry, valued for its vibrant hue and diverse applications.
Understanding E Numbers and Curcumin (E100)
E numbers are codes for substances allowed to be used as food additives within the European Union and are also widely recognized internationally. These numbers indicate that the additive has passed safety evaluations and is approved for use. E100 specifically identifies Curcumin, a compound extracted from the rhizome of the Curcuma longa plant, commonly known as turmeric.
- Source: Curcumin is the primary curcuminoid of turmeric, a flowering plant of the ginger family. It's responsible for turmeric's distinctive yellow color.
- Function: Its main role as an E number is to provide a yellow-orange color to various food and beverage products.
- Global Recognition: While it is an "E number" within the European system, Curcumin is also approved and used as a food additive in many other regions worldwide, often listed as "turmeric extract" or "natural yellow 3."
The Properties and Uses of Curcumin (E100)
Curcumin is not only a powerful coloring agent but also possesses characteristics that make it valuable beyond just its visual appeal.
- Coloring Power: It imparts a bright yellow to orange-yellow color, depending on its concentration and the food matrix it's added to.
- Natural Origin: As a natural extract, it's often preferred by manufacturers and consumers looking for natural alternatives to synthetic colorants.
- Food Applications: Curcumin (E100) is commonly found in a wide array of food items, including:
- Dairy products (e.g., cheeses, yogurts, ice cream)
- Confectionery (e.g., candies, jellies)
- Beverages (e.g., juices, soft drinks)
- Baked goods
- Mustard, sauces, and soups
- Seasonings and curry powders
- Health Interest: Beyond its role as a food colorant, Curcumin has been extensively researched for its potential health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, although its primary function as an E100 food additive is for coloring.
Common Colouring Agents (E100s and Related)
E numbers encompass a range of food additives, including various coloring agents. Here's how Curcumin (E100) fits among other common E-number colorants:
| E number | Name |
|---|---|
| E100 | Curcumin |
| E101 | Riboflavin or lactoflavin (Vitamin B2) |
| E102 | Tartrazine |
| E104 | Quinoline Yellow |
This table illustrates that E100 is part of a broader category of approved coloring agents, both natural and synthetic, each with its unique properties and applications in food production.
Regulatory Status and Safety
Like all approved food additives, Curcumin (E100) has undergone rigorous safety assessments by regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These assessments determine acceptable daily intake levels to ensure its safe consumption within typical dietary patterns. Its widespread approval reflects its established safety profile as a food colorant.
For consumers, understanding E numbers like E100 can help in making informed choices about the ingredients in their food. While the term "E number" might sometimes cause concern, it primarily serves as a standardized way to identify approved food additives.
