The exact formula for copper (II) oxide powder is CuO.
Understanding Copper (II) Oxide (CuO)
Copper (II) oxide, commonly known as cupric oxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuO. This black solid compound is widely recognized for its diverse applications across various industries. While its empirical formula is universally recognized as CuO, representing a 1:1 ratio of copper to oxygen atoms, it can also be conceptually understood as a simplified form of Cu2O2, which ultimately simplifies to CuO.
Chemical Composition and Bonding
Copper (II) oxide is formed when copper is in its +2 oxidation state, meaning each copper atom has lost two electrons. It combines with oxygen, which typically has a -2 oxidation state. This electrostatic attraction between the positively charged copper ion (Cu²⁺) and the negatively charged oxide ion (O²⁻) forms a stable ionic bond.
The following table summarizes key aspects of copper (II) oxide:
| Property | Detail |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | CuO (also conceptualized as Cu2O2, simplifying to CuO) |
| Oxidation State | Copper: +2, Oxygen: -2 |
| Common Name | Cupric oxide |
| Appearance | Black solid powder |
| Molar Mass | Approximately 79.55 g/mol |
| Type of Bond | Ionic |
For more detailed chemical information, you can refer to its entry on PubChem.
Properties and Uses of Copper (II) Oxide
Copper (II) oxide exhibits several notable properties that make it valuable in various fields:
- Physical Properties: It is a stable, black crystalline solid that is practically insoluble in water but dissolves in dilute acids and ammonium hydroxide. It has a high melting point of 1,326 °C.
- Chemical Properties: It acts as a weak base and can be reduced to metallic copper by hydrogen or carbon monoxide when heated.
Its versatility leads to numerous applications:
- Pigments: It is used as a pigment in ceramics to produce blue, green, or red glazes, depending on the firing conditions.
- Catalysts: CuO is an important catalyst in various organic reactions and is used in the production of rayon.
- Semiconductors: Due to its semiconducting properties, it is utilized in certain types of solar cells and gas sensors.
- Feed Additive: It serves as a copper supplement in animal feed.
- Chemical Reagent: It is employed as a reagent in laboratories for the preparation of other copper compounds and in organic synthesis.
- Wood Preservative: In some formulations, it is used to protect wood from fungi and insects.
Safety and Handling
While copper (II) oxide is a common compound, it should be handled with care. It can be irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation. Ingesting large quantities can be harmful. Always use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, safety glasses, and a dust mask, when working with copper (II) oxide powder. Ensure proper ventilation in the workspace to minimize exposure.
