Storing a small engine properly is crucial for its longevity and reliable performance when you need it next. The key is thorough preparation, addressing fuel, oil, and other vital components to prevent corrosion, degradation, and starting issues.
How Do You Store a Small Engine?
Properly storing a small engine involves a series of preparatory steps to protect its internal components from the elements and ensure it starts smoothly after a period of inactivity. This comprehensive guide outlines the essential tasks for long-term storage, whether for a season or longer.
Essential Steps for Small Engine Storage
Before putting your small engine away, follow these critical maintenance procedures.
1. Fuel System Preparation
The most common cause of small engine starting problems after storage is stale fuel.
- Add fuel stabilizer: Pour a high-quality fuel stabilizer into the fuel tank according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- Circulate the stabilizer: Run the engine for approximately 10 minutes to allow the treated fuel to circulate throughout the carburetor and fuel lines, protecting them from gumming and corrosion.
- Consider draining (optional): For very long-term storage (over a year) or if you're concerned about fuel quality, you might opt to drain the fuel completely after running the stabilizer. Consult your owner's manual for specific recommendations.
2. Oil and Filter Maintenance
Old oil contains contaminants and acids that can corrode internal engine parts during storage.
- Change the engine oil: Replace the old engine oil with fresh, clean oil. Refer to your engine's manual for the correct oil type and viscosity.
- Replace filters: If your engine has an oil filter, change it along with the oil. This ensures the new oil stays clean.
3. Spark Plug Protection
Protecting the cylinder from rust is vital.
- Remove the spark plug: Carefully remove the spark plug.
- Add engine oil: Squirt a small amount (about a tablespoon) of fresh engine oil into the spark plug hole.
- Crank the engine: Gently pull the recoil starter rope or crank the engine a few times (with the spark plug still out) to distribute the oil across the cylinder walls.
- Reinstall spark plug: Reinsert and tighten the spark plug.
4. Air Filter Inspection and Cleaning
A clean air filter is essential for proper engine function.
- Inspect and clean/replace: Check the air filter. If it's dirty, clean it according to your owner's manual (e.g., wash foam filters, tap out paper filters, or replace severely clogged ones).
5. Belt and Hose Check
Prevent unexpected breakdowns by checking wear and tear.
- Check belts: Inspect all belts for cracks, fraying, or excessive wear. Ensure they have proper tension. Replace any damaged belts.
- Inspect hoses: Look for any signs of cracking or deterioration in fuel lines and other hoses.
6. Coolant System Maintenance (Liquid-Cooled Engines)
For engines with a liquid cooling system, ensure the coolant is ready for winter temperatures.
- Check coolant quality and freeze point: Verify the coolant's level, quality, and freeze protection. Top off or replace if necessary, ensuring it meets the manufacturer's specifications for your expected storage temperatures.
7. Cleaning and Debris Removal
Dirt and grime can trap moisture and cause corrosion.
- Clean dirty surfaces: Thoroughly clean all external surfaces of the engine.
- Remove grass debris: For lawn equipment, remove all accumulated grass clippings and dirt from the deck, cooling fins, and around moving parts. Use a brush or air compressor for hard-to-reach areas.
8. Battery Disconnection and Storage
Prevent battery drain and extend its lifespan.
- Disconnect the battery: Disconnect the battery terminals.
- Store properly: Store the battery in a cool, dry place, away from concrete floors.
- Use a trickle charger: Connect it to a battery maintainer or trickle charger to keep it charged and prevent sulfation, which can destroy the battery.
9. Lubrication of Moving Parts
Protect exposed metal components from rust.
- Lubricate cables and linkages: Apply a light coat of grease or oil to all moving parts, control cables, and pivot points.
10. Tire Maintenance (If Applicable)
Prevent flat spots and dry rot for equipment with tires.
- Inflate tires: Inflate tires to the recommended pressure to prevent flat spots during prolonged storage.
Choosing the Right Storage Location
The environment where your small engine is stored can significantly impact its condition.
- Dry and Ventilated: Store the engine in a dry, well-ventilated area, such as a garage or shed.
- Stable Temperature: Avoid areas with extreme temperature fluctuations, which can lead to condensation and rust.
- Cover It: Use a breathable cover to protect the engine from dust and debris while allowing air circulation to prevent moisture buildup.
By following these detailed steps, your small engine will be well-prepared for storage and ready to operate efficiently when you retrieve it.
Storage Preparation Checklist
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| Fuel System | Add fuel stabilizer; run engine 10 mins. |
| Engine Oil | Change oil and replace oil filter. |
| Spark Plug | Remove, add oil to cylinder, crank, reinsert. |
| Air Filter | Inspect, clean or replace. |
| Belts & Hoses | Check for wear, cracks, and proper tension. |
| Coolant (if applicable) | Check quality and freeze point. |
| Cleaning | Wash dirty surfaces, remove debris/grass. |
| Battery | Disconnect, remove, and store on a trickle charger. |
| Lubrication | Grease moving parts, cables, and pivot points. |
| Tires (if applicable) | Inflate to proper pressure. |
| Storage Location & Cover | Store in a dry, stable environment; cover with a breathable material. |
