Fixing sticky keys on a typewriter often involves simple cleaning of the typebar pivots or keylever mechanisms, usually without needing to take the machine apart.
Understanding Sticky Typewriter Keys
Sticky keys are a common issue for vintage typewriters, and they can significantly disrupt your typing experience. The problem typically arises from accumulated dust, dirt, dried-up lubricants, or other debris interfering with the delicate mechanisms that allow each key to move freely. Addressing these issues with targeted cleaning can restore your typewriter's smooth operation.
Common Causes of Sticky Keys
| Cause | Description |
|---|---|
| Dried Lubricants | Over time, the original oils and greases applied during manufacturing can dry out, becoming gummy or solid, which impedes the movement of typebars and keylevers. |
| Dust and Debris Build-up | Typewriters are magnets for dust, lint, and even small particles of eraser shavings. This debris can settle into pivot points and linkages, causing friction and sticking. |
| Old Ink Residue | Sometimes, ink from the ribbon can dry and flake off, accumulating in the mechanisms, especially around the typebar pivots. |
| Corrosion/Rust | In very old or poorly stored typewriters, minor corrosion can occur on metal parts, leading to increased friction and sticking. |
Step-by-Step Guide to Fixing Sticky Typewriter Keys
The vast majority of cleanings and minor repairs require no disassembly, making this a manageable task for most typewriter owners.
1. Identify the Sticky Key and Affected Typebar
First, press each key to determine which ones are sticking. When a key is pressed, its corresponding typebar (the metal arm with the letter slug at the end) should strike the platen and quickly return to its resting position. A sticky key will either move slowly or not return fully.
2. Clean the Typebar Pivot Points
This is often the most effective first step.
- Open the ribbon cover: Carefully lift or remove the ribbon cover to expose the typebars and the internal mechanisms.
- Locate the pivot: For the sticking key, identify the pivot point at the bottom of the associated typebar. This is usually where the typebar connects to the rest of the key mechanism, often a small pin or hinge.
- Apply mineral spirits: Using a cotton swab or a small, soft brush dampened with mineral spirits, thoroughly clean the pivot at the bottom of the typebar. Mineral spirits are excellent for dissolving old, dried-up oil and grease without harming the metal components.
- Work the key: As you clean, gently press the sticky key repeatedly. This helps the mineral spirits penetrate the pivot point and dislodge any gunk. You might see discolored residue come off on your swab.
- Repeat: Continue cleaning and working the key until it moves freely and snaps back crisply. It may take a few applications and some patience.
3. Address the Keylever Pivot (If Needed)
If cleaning the typebar pivot doesn't resolve the stickiness after a few attempts, the problem might lie deeper within the key's mechanism.
- Access the underside: Carefully turn the typewriter over or tilt it to gain access to its underside. Ensure it's stable and won't tip.
- Locate the keylever pivot: Find where the keylever (the long lever connected to the key itself) pivots on the underside of the typewriter. This pivot point can also accumulate grime.
- Clean with mineral spirits: Similar to the typebar, use a cotton swab or small brush with mineral spirits to clean this pivot thoroughly. Work the key from the top as you clean to help dislodge any debris.
- Test functionality: Once cleaned, test the key again. It should now move smoothly.
4. General Cleaning and Maintenance Tips
- Use appropriate tools:
- Mineral spirits: Essential for dissolving old grease and grime. Ensure good ventilation.
- Cotton swabs: Ideal for precise cleaning of small parts.
- Soft brushes: Toothbrushes or detailing brushes can help remove loose dust.
- Compressed air: Useful for blowing out dust and debris from hard-to-reach areas, but use it cautiously and from a distance to avoid forcing debris deeper into mechanisms.
- Lint-free cloths: For wiping down surfaces.
- Avoid lubricating immediately after cleaning: Once clean, the mechanism should move freely. Avoid the urge to lubricate it with household oils. Modern oils can attract more dust and gum up the mechanism over time. Many typewriter mechanisms are designed to run dry or with very specific, non-gumming lubricants if any are required at all. Consult a typewriter repair guide if you believe lubrication is necessary for a specific part.
- Clean regularly: A light cleaning every few months can prevent build-up. Use a soft brush to dust the typebars and keyboard area.
Safety Precautions
- Ventilation: Always work in a well-ventilated area when using mineral spirits, as the fumes can be strong.
- Fire safety: Keep mineral spirits away from open flames or sources of ignition.
- Eye protection: Consider wearing safety glasses to protect your eyes from splashes or flying debris.
- Gloves: Wear gloves to protect your skin from chemicals.
- Handle with care: Typewriters are heavy and have delicate mechanisms. Handle them gently to avoid damage or injury.
For more detailed information on typewriter maintenance and repair, you can consult resources like The Typewriter Revolution or specialized typewriter repair manuals.
With a little patience and the right cleaning supplies, you can often restore your typewriter's keys to their original, responsive state, bringing your classic machine back to life.
