Your submersible pump running continuously is a common issue, often signaling a problem within your water system that prevents it from reaching the necessary pressure to shut off. This continuous operation can lead to increased energy bills, premature pump wear, and even pump failure if not addressed promptly.
The primary reason a submersible pump runs non-stop is that it cannot build or maintain adequate pressure within the system. This usually points to a loss of prime, meaning the water pipe from the pump has emptied, or there's a fault in a component that regulates pressure.
Understanding the Core Problem: Loss of Prime and Pressure Issues
When a submersible pump keeps running, it's typically because it's failing to achieve the pre-set "cut-off" pressure. This often stems from the pipe leading from the pump becoming empty, which causes the pump to run endlessly attempting to build pressure in a system that isn't fully pressurized with water.
Here's a breakdown of the most common culprits:
- Leaks in the System: The most frequent cause of continuous pump operation. Leaks, whether obvious or hidden, prevent the system from maintaining pressure.
- Faulty Pressure Switch: This switch is the "brain" of your pump system, telling it when to turn on and off based on water pressure. If it malfunctions, it might not signal the pump to shut down.
- Waterlogged Pressure Tank: A pressure tank provides a buffer and prevents the pump from cycling too frequently. If it's waterlogged, it can't properly store pressure, leading to the pump running constantly or cycling rapidly.
- Low Water Level in Well: If the well's water level drops too low, the pump will struggle to draw water, failing to build pressure.
- Shoddy Installation or Component Replacement: Poorly installed pumps, pipes, or connections can introduce air into the system or create leaks, leading to prime loss and continuous running.
Detailed Causes and Solutions
Let's dive deeper into these issues and how to address them.
1. System Leaks
Leaks are the number one offender when a pump runs continuously. Even small leaks can cause significant pressure loss over time.
- Internal Household Leaks:
- Running Toilets: A faulty flapper valve can cause water to constantly leak from the tank into the bowl.
- Dripping Faucets: While seemingly minor, a constant drip can be enough to keep pressure low.
- Leaky Water Heaters or Appliances: Check for puddles or moisture around water-using appliances.
- Underground Pipe Leaks:
- Main Water Line: A leak in the main line from the well to your home can be hard to detect as it's often buried. Look for unusually wet spots in your yard.
- Distribution Lines: Leaks in pipes leading to outdoor spigots or irrigation systems.
- Well System Leaks:
- Faulty Check Valve: The check valve is crucial; it prevents water from draining back down into the well when the pump shuts off. If it fails, water flows back, causing the system to lose prime and pressure, making the pump run excessively.
- Drop Pipe or Well Casing Leaks: Leaks in the vertical pipe leading from the submersible pump to the surface, or in the well casing itself, can allow water to escape or air to enter the system.
Solutions for Leaks:
- Inspect and Repair: Methodically check all fixtures, pipes, and appliances for visible leaks. For underground leaks, you may need professional assistance to locate and repair them.
- Replace Faulty Check Valves: A common fix for loss of prime due to backflow.
2. Faulty Pressure Switch
The pressure switch is designed to monitor system pressure and activate or deactivate the pump accordingly.
- How it Fails:
- Clogged Sensor Port: Sediment can block the small tube leading to the pressure switch, preventing it from accurately reading the pressure.
- Damaged Contacts: Electrical contacts can burn out or become dirty, leading to intermittent or no operation.
- Incorrect Settings: While less common for continuous running, improper adjustment could theoretically contribute.
- Mechanical Failure: The internal components can simply wear out.
Solutions for Pressure Switch Issues:
- Clean the Sensor: Turn off power, drain the system, and carefully clean the small port on the pressure switch.
- Adjust Settings: If you suspect incorrect settings, consult your pump manual or a professional to adjust the cut-in and cut-out pressures.
- Replace the Switch: If cleaning and adjustment don't work, the switch likely needs to be replaced.
3. Waterlogged Pressure Tank
The pressure tank works by compressing an air cushion, which then pushes water into your home when the pump is off. This creates a reserve of pressurized water and prevents the pump from starting every time you open a faucet.
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Why it Becomes Waterlogged:
- Lost Air Charge: The air cushion can slowly dissipate over time.
- Ruptured Bladder/Diaphragm: In bladder-style tanks, the internal rubber membrane can tear, allowing water to fill the entire tank, eliminating the air cushion.
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Symptoms:
- Rapid cycling of the pump (turning on and off frequently).
- Erratic water pressure (surges and drops).
- If completely waterlogged, the pump may run continuously because it can't build or maintain sufficient pressure.
Solutions for Waterlogged Tank:
- Recharge Air: Turn off the pump, drain the tank, and use an air compressor to repressurize the tank to the manufacturer's recommended level (usually 2 PSI below the pump's cut-in pressure).
- Replace the Tank: If the bladder is ruptured, the tank will need to be replaced.
4. Low Water Level in Well (Dry Well)
If the water table in your well drops significantly, the pump may run continuously without ever building pressure because it's trying to pump air or insufficient water.
- Symptoms:
- Sputtering or inconsistent water flow.
- Air coming out of faucets.
- No water at all despite the pump running.
- Pump making unusual noises (grinding, humming).
Solutions for Low Well Water:
- Allow Well Recovery: Turn off the pump and wait several hours for the well to naturally refill. Avoid excessive water use.
- Consult a Well Driller: If it's a persistent problem, you may need to deepen the well, install a low-level cut-off switch to protect the pump, or explore alternative water sources.
- Consider Water Conservation: Reducing household water usage can help prolong the life of your well.
5. Shoddy Installation or Pump/Pipe Replacement
As highlighted, a poorly executed installation or replacement of your well pump or piping can be a direct cause of a continuously running pump. This can happen due to:
- Improperly Sealed Connections: Leading to air leaks or water leaks.
- Incorrect Pipe Sizing: Can affect water flow and pressure.
- Poorly Seated Pump: If the pump isn't correctly positioned in the well, it might struggle to draw water efficiently.
- Damaged Components during Installation: A new component can be faulty or damaged during installation, leading to immediate problems.
Solutions for Installation Issues:
- Professional Inspection: Have a qualified well pump technician inspect the installation. They can identify and correct errors in sealing, pipe connections, and component placement.
- Re-do Faulty Work: Depending on the extent of the issues, parts of the installation may need to be redone to ensure proper function and seal.
Troubleshooting Table: Common Causes and Quick Checks
| Cause | Symptoms | Quick Check / Solution |
|---|---|---|
| System Leaks | Constant pump running, low pressure, wet spots in yard, running toilets. | Inspect visible fixtures. Listen for running water. Check for wet ground areas. Fix all household leaks. |
| Faulty Check Valve | Pump cycles frequently or runs continuously, water drains back into well. | Listen for water draining back into the well after pump shuts off. Requires professional replacement. |
| Pressure Switch Issues | Pump runs non-stop, erratic pressure, dirty switch contacts. | Turn off power, clean sensor port, check electrical contacts. Adjust or replace if faulty. |
| Waterlogged Pressure Tank | Rapid pump cycling, surging water pressure, pump runs continuously. | Check tank air pressure (should be 2 PSI below cut-in pressure). Recharge air or replace tank if bladder is ruptured. |
| Low Water Level in Well | Sputtering water, air from faucets, no water, pump runs with no output. | Turn off pump, allow well to recover. Consult well driller for solutions like deepening the well or a low-level cutoff. |
| Shoddy Installation/Repair | Problems appear shortly after installation/repair, persistent low pressure. | Professional inspection to identify improperly sealed connections, damaged pipes, or incorrect component placement. |
When your submersible pump keeps running, it's a clear signal that your water system needs attention. Addressing these issues promptly can prevent costly repairs and extend the life of your pump. If you're unsure about diagnosing or repairing any of these problems, it's always best to consult a qualified well pump technician.
