The most trafficked animal in the world is the pangolin.
These unique, scaly mammals are the unfortunate target of an immense illegal wildlife trade, making them the most commonly seized mammal in global trafficking.
Why are Pangolins Trafficked?
Pangolins are primarily targeted for two main reasons: their scales and their meat. The demand for pangolin products is largely driven by traditional East Asian medicine and culinary preferences.
- Traditional Medicine: Pangolin scales, made of keratin (the same material as human fingernails), are highly prized in traditional East Asian medicine. They are falsely purported to offer a variety of health benefits, including cures for skin conditions, fertility issues, and even cancer. There is no scientific evidence to support these claims.
- Meat: Pangolin meat is considered a delicacy in some cultures, further fueling the demand in illegal markets.
| Primary Reason for Trafficking | Specific Use/Belief | Scientific Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Traditional Medicine | Scales for purported cures (skin conditions, cancer) | None; scales are keratin |
| Culinary Delicacy | Meat consumed in some cultures | N/A |
The Global Trafficking Network
The illegal trade in pangolins spans continents, with a significant shift in recent years. Historically, Asian pangolin populations bore the brunt of the trade, leading to their severe decimation. As a result, the supply side has largely shifted to Africa, where all four African pangolin species are now heavily targeted to meet the demand, particularly from East Asia. This extensive network involves poachers, traffickers, and consumers, contributing to a multi-billion dollar illicit industry.
Conservation Concerns
The relentless trafficking has pushed all eight species of pangolins (four in Asia and four in Africa) to the brink of extinction. All pangolin species are currently listed on the IUCN Red List as vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered. International efforts are underway to combat this illicit trade and protect these vulnerable creatures. For more information on pangolin conservation and the threats they face, you can visit resources like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
